Cheetahs, like many endangered species, face a complex web of threats that make their survival increasingly difficult. Unlike other big cats, cheetahs have unique challenges that require specialised conservation strategies to ensure their future in the wild.
The key threats to cheetah populations fall into three major categories: human-wildlife conflict, loss of habitat and prey, and poaching and illegal wildlife trade.
1. Human-Wildlife Conflict
Unlike lions and leopards, cheetahs struggle to survive in protected reserves because they share the land with larger, more dominant predators like hyenas, leopards, and lions—all of which compete for food and will kill cheetahs, especially cubs. In some areas, cub mortality reaches 90% due to predation.
As a result, about 90% of Africa’s cheetah population now lives outside of protected areas on private farmland, where they often come into conflict with people.
The Problem:
Farmers see cheetahs as a threat to their livestock and their livelihood. Unlike nocturnal predators, cheetahs hunt during the day, making them more visible and, unfortunately, more likely to be targeted.
The Result:
Farmers frequently trap or shoot cheetahs to protect their livestock, leading to further population declines.
2. Loss of Habitat and Prey
Cheetahs need large open spaces to thrive, but human expansion is rapidly shrinking their habitat. Urban development, agriculture, and fencing have fragmented once-vast hunting grounds, making it harder for cheetahs to roam freely and find food.
At the same time, prey populations are declining due to overhunting and habitat destruction. With fewer antelope species like impala and gazelles available, cheetahs struggle to find enough food to survive.
3. Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade
Cheetahs are also victims of the illegal wildlife trade, particularly in the Horn of Africa, where cubs are stolen from the wild and smuggled into the exotic pet trade—primarily to the Gulf States.
- Cubs are in high demand among private collectors and social media influencers.
- Many do not survive the journey due to poor conditions, malnutrition, and stress.
- Even those that make it can never return to the wild, as they lack the skills needed to survive.
Did You Know?
The global cheetah population is estimated to be fewer than 7,000, with numbers continuing to decline due to these threats.
How Specialised Conservation Efforts Can Help
Cheetahs face an uphill battle, but with dedicated conservation efforts, we can reverse the decline and secure a future for these incredible big cats. Protecting cheetahs requires a holistic approach, including:
- Human-wildlife conflict solutions such as promoting predator-friendly farming techniques.
- Habitat restoration and protection to ensure cheetahs have the space and prey they need.
- Stronger anti-poaching laws and enforcement to combat illegal trafficking and cub smuggling.
